Romijnlezing
World’s Poultry Science Association
Natuurlijke vijanden inzetten tegen resistente bacteria
Politiek echter in the lead
Het gebruik van antibiotica in de pluimveehouderij kan binnen afzienbare tijd worden geminimaliseerd door de inzet van de natuurlijke vijanden van schadelijke bacteriën. Zo werd duidelijk tijdens de ‘Romijnlezing’ op de studiedag van de Nederlandse afdeling van de World’s Poultry Science Association (WPSA) op 8 december in Utrecht.
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EHEC
Jarenlang is de toename van antibioticaresistente bacteriën in de veehouderij en bij mensen gekoppeld aan pluimveevlees en eieren. Na de besmetting van groente en fruit met de EHEC-bacterie is ook de mest van pluimvee aan het oorzakenrijtje toegevoegd. Dit heeft tot gevolg dat de consumenten bij hun keuze van levensmiddelen meer en meer gedreven worden door angst. Dat zei dr. Simone Hertzberger in haar presentatie over “Veranderende voedselveiligheid. Actuele opkomende (microbiële) bedreigingen en de rol van retail.” Supermarkten eisen volgens haar in toenemende mate een volledige transparantie van de productie en verwerking van die consumentenproducten.
Bacteriofagen
Tegen de achtergrond van een toename van antibioticaresistente bacteriën wordt hard gewerkt aan de ontwikkeling van middelen die de groei een halt toe kunnen roepen. De eerste successen zijn behaald door het Wageningse biotechbedrijf Micreos. Zijn CEO M. Offerhaus zette in zijn presentatie uiteen dat de inzet van bacteriofagen (fagen) succesvol blijkt te zijn. Fagen zijn zo’n 100 keer kleiner dan bacteriën maar zijn wel hun natuurlijke vijand. Iedere dag wordt de helft van alle bacteriën op aarde gedood door fagen. Ze zijn bacterie (soort) specifiek en hebben geen invloed op mens, dier of plant. Bovendien hebben ze geen invloed op de karakteristieken van behandelde levensmiddelen.
Bacteriocines
Een oplossing op de middellange termijn ligt volgens Prof. Dr. R. Ducatelle, Universiteit van Gent, meer in het creëren van gezonde bacteriële darmprofielen. Daarvoor is meer aandacht nodig voor de niet-verteerbare bestanddelen van het voer, omdat die de groei van bacteriocines bevorderen. Deze bacteriocines zijn de natuurlijke vijand van schadelijke bacteriën en zorgen ervoor dat er een gezonde bacteriële balans in de darmen ontstaat. Als dat het geval is, wordt de inzet van antibiotica overbodig en wordt de overmatige groei van antibioticaresistente bacteriën gereduceerd. Ducatelle benadrukt dat de kennis over deze bacteriën en hun rol snel toeneemt en dat er binnen vijf jaar veel oplossingen tegen darmproblemen op de plank zullen liggen.
Politiek
Daarmee werd een positief beeld geschetst over de mogelijkheden tot vermindering van het antibioticagebruik in de pluimveehouderij. De daling van het gebruik is al fors ingezet en een toenemend aantal bedrijven laat zien dat zonder ook kan. Maar dat neemt niet weg dat de overheid de ruimte moet geven om verder te komen. De regelgeving, of het ontbreken daarvan, werkt remmend. Maar het meest zorgelijk is, zo werd duidelijk in de discussies, dat de aanpak van antibiotica en resistente bacteriën geen wetenschappelijke maar een politieke zaak is geworden.
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