Gewichtig
Een harnas hindert
Het is de combinatie
De combinatie maakte het de ridders destijds lastig. De auteur van de Engelstalige publicatie (waarop ik in de Volkskrant van 23 juli wordt geattendeerd door een bijdrage van Maarten Keulemans) refereert aan de Slag bij Azincourt in 1415 waar de loop van de geschiedenis wordt beinvloedt. De zwaar geharnaste Franse overmacht legt het af tegen de lichtvoetige Fransen. Graham Askew levert een wetenschappelijke onderbouwing.
Onze vaderlandse geschiedenis kent vergelijkbare gebeurtenis
De bisschop van Utrecht en talloze geharnaste ridders (te paard) komen om in de moerassen in Drente. Zij verliezen het van de lichtbewapende burgers.De slag bij Ane vond plaats in 1227. Meer weten?Lees hier. Bekijk ook het diorama in het Nationaal Tinnen Figuren Museum in Ommen.
Een leermoment is dat het onderzoek volgens de bijdrage in de Volkskrant ook iets zegt over het effect van stevig overgewicht (obesitas)
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Slag bij Ane 1227 Diorama in het Nationaal Tinnen Figuren Museum in Ommen
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As if flying arrows and burning pitch weren’t enough to worry about, medieval knights also had to battle their own armor.
A new study that put armor-wearing volunteers on treadmills finds that wearing a full suit of armor (which might weigh up to 110 pounds, or 50 kilograms), takes more than twice the energy of walking around unencumbered. Even lugging around a backpack of equal weight is less energy-intensive than wearing armor, the study found, because wearing 17 pounds (8 kg) of steel plates on each leg requires no small amount of extra exertion.On occasion, armor’s weight may have turned the tides of battles, said lead study researcher Graham Askew of the University of Leeds. In 1415, heavily armored French knights advanced across a muddy field toward a lightly armored English force in the Battle of Agincourt.”By the time they advanced across the field, they would have been exhausted,” Askew told LiveScience. “It’s possibly one of the reasons why the French lost, despite there being many, many more French soldiers than there were English.”
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| In full knight armor on treadmill Source: Graham Askew, University of Leeds |
Knights on a treadmill
A volunteer in full knight armor walks on a treadmill.CREDIT: Graham Askew, University of Leeds
Like many casual museum-goers, Askew, a biomechanics researcher, became curious about how medieval knights moved around after seeing suits of armor on display. Unlike most museum visitors, however, Askew had an opportunity to answer the question using hard numbers.He and his colleagues recruited four volunteers, historical re-enactors who were accustomed to wearing their own sets of replica 15th-century armor. Each man agreed to walk and run on a treadmill (a task Askew called, “very clanky”) while wearing a breathing mask to measure how much oxygen they took in and how much carbon dioxide they excelled, as well as their breathing rate. These measurements allowed the researchers to calculate the energy they used during the exercise periods.The modern-day knights used 2.1 to 2.3 times more energy walking with their armor on compared with walking without it. Running with armor took 1.9 times the energy as running armor-free.The result, Askew said, is that men in armor end up moving much more slowly than men without armor. This effect is only exacerbated with age: At his maximum aerobic capacity, an average 38-year-old man could cover about 5.5 feet (1.7 meters) per second, compared with 8.8 feet (2.7 m) per second for an unarmored 38-year-old. With a maximum walking speed of 4.6 feet (1.4 m) per second, an armored 55-year-old would have trouble keeping up.
Fit soldiers
Few people face the occupational hazards of medieval knights today, Askew said, with the possible exception of bomb disposal experts, who wear full-body protective suits that are also very heavy. But the study could be of help to historians trying to understand the outcomes of ancient battles, Askew said. The research also gives a hint into how fit the knights of old must have been. Although modern soldiers lug around equipment as heavy as a knight’s armor, Askew said, they expend less energy doing so because their legs are unencumbered.”It requires a great deal of physical exertion to even perform a medium-speed walk in a suit of armor,” Askew said. “I certainly don’t think you’d be able to put on a suit of armor and walk around with it without suffering quite badly if you weren’t used to it.”
Source: www.livescience.com
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Er valt veel meer te zeggen over de slag bij Azincourt en het gewicht van harnassen op het slagveld, maar daar heb je in zo’n artikel geen ruimte voor. Sowieso is aangetoond dat dit soort man tegen man gevechten zoveel van een mens vragen dat het maximaal tien tot vijftien minuten vol te houden is. Vaak vielen de gevechten dan stil en moesten de soldaten eerst even op adem komen voordat ze verder konden.
Mijn punt was dat het gewicht van het harnas in deze slag niet doorslaggevend was, zonder te beweren dat het de Fransen niet heeft gehinderd. Punt twee was dat de Engelse men-at-arms dezelfde harnassen droegen. Een derde punt is dat ridders van jongs af aan getraind werden en naar alle waarschijnlijkheid veel sterker waren dan een mens uit de 21ste eeuw, zelfs een goed getrainde mens uit onze eeuw.
Overigens was het juist de longbow die de ontwikkeling naar steeds zwaardere (want meer bescherming biedende harnassen) in de veertiende eeuw heeft versneld.
Groet, Gerard.
Historici en Polemologen vechten door op de opiniepagina van de Volkskrant. Het komt er op neer dat het de effectieve inzet van boogschutters tegenover de meute ‘zwaargewichten’ het pleit beslecht heeft bij Agincourt.